Which statement about endophyte-infected grasses is true regarding pest interactions?

• A. They deter pests
• B. They increase pest activity
• C. They have no effect on pests
• D. They can deter some pests while risking effects on non-target organisms

Answer: (D)

Endophyte-infected grasses contain a fungal partner that produces chemical compounds inside the plant, such as alkaloids. These compounds can deter or reduce feeding by some pests, so the grasses experience less damage from certain insects. But because these chemicals are not specific to just the target pests, they can also affect non-target organisms, including beneficial insects and grazing animals when consumed in higher amounts. The result is a trade-off: certain pests are deterred or harmed, while there is a real risk of adverse effects on non-target species. That balanced outcome is why this statement is true.